From Debra Lynn Dadd
I just happened to receive two questions this week about the toxicity of polyurethane, so I thought I would write a separate post on this chemical.
In the past, we mostly heard about polyurethane foam, which is used to make mattresses, seat cushions, and other such products. That likely contains toxic chemicals.
Now, there are new products that have a thin polyurethane film fused to fabric to make it waterproof. As best as I can tell, this is made from a different type of polyurethane, probably the type that is used to produce FDA dry and wet food grade urethanes.
Here’s the chemistry lesson.
Polyurethane (or “urethane” for short) is the name given to a class of petrochemical resins that contain isocyanates.
There are three different polyurethanes:
1. Toluene Diisocyante (TDI)
2. Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate (MDI)
3. Paraphenylene Diisocyanate (PPDI)
And they are made into chemicals that fall into eight major groups:
1. MDI-Esters: produce FDA dry and wet food grade urethanes.
2. TDI-Esters
3. MDI-Ethers: Some are adaptable to FDA and USDA application for wet and dry food contact.
4. TDI-Ethers
5. PPDI-Esters
6. MDI
7. TDI: used to make polyurethane foam for mattresses, cushions etc
8. PPDI
So when you read that something is made from “polyurethane” you need to also find out what type of polyurethane it is.
It’s likely that the MDI food grade polyurethane is a lot less toxic than the TDI polyurethane foam. To research the health effects of every polyurethane is beyond the scope of this blog at the moment. But I’ve done enough research to see that the toxicity of one “polyurethane” is different than another. It’s unfortunate that the same word is used to refer to a whole class of chemicals of varying toxicity.
Hello, I found this website while searching about PU leather safety. My 17 months old daughter has eaten a piece of PU leather that chipped of a Peg Perego Prima pappa high chair. After removing the top layer the inner material is even crumbling into micro pieces. Is this an issue that my daugther ate a little piece of this material from possible toxicity point of view? Thank you!
As I am not a doctor, you should check with your pediatrician.
Hi Lisa,
Could you please advise if a playmat made from thermo polyurethane is safe for babies?
Below is a link to the website:
https://munchkinandbear.co.uk/blogs/news/material-matters-how-to-choose-the-perfect-play-mat
What about XPE, is this safer for babies?
Many thanks in advance for your reply.
Anna
You might find this thread helpful. TPU is generally safe but most plastics have additives that can be harmful and it is very difficult to know which additives are in any plastic product. Sometimes manufacturers don’t even know. There are other PU playmats that have certifications that can assure you that the emissions are at least minimal. One is referenced in the link.
Of course, a playmate made of a natural material such as cotton is better but I understand that it is not as easy to clean nor as cushioned.
Hi, is denim fabric toxic
The dyes used to make denim can be quite toxic. Formaldehyde and cynide are among many chemicals used to make synthetic indigo. You can read more about chemicals in clothing here.
Hi!
I was recently gifted a baby stroller, and when I unpacked it there was a strong “fishy” odor. After a little research, I discovered many of the parts are made from PU materials (100% PU leather, PU rubber wheels, etc.). Do you think this is something that would be safe for my baby? Most of the PU leather surrounds the baby’s breathing area … Here’s the link:
https://www.amazon.com/Stroller-Rotation-Function-Pushchair-Grey/dp/B07D4CBVTM?th=1
Thank you so much!!
I looked at their website and there is not additional information about the materials used in the stroller so I can’t really tell you exactly what is producing the smell or what other materials of concern could be in it. Based on the information available, it is probably the PU that smells and if you let it sit outside for a couple of days it probably will subside. The PU will off-gas but it is not as harmful as PVC. Ideally, you would want natural materials to surround your baby. I am not aware of a stroller that is entirely made of natural materials but there are strollers that have certifications such as GreenGuard Gold which is not perfect but at least it can assure you that chemical emissions are minimized.
Hello, I just purchased two lawn chairs with steel bases and 100% Polyurethane Foam Fabric. Noticed two labels attached to chairs. One reads CANCER DANGER…then shows a CA website. Chairs are made in China. My immediate reaction was to return chairs. I’ve researched and cannot find anything stating this statement is true. If true, why allowed to sell in our country? Thank you in advance for your response.
This is probably a California Proposition 65 warning label. California Proposition 65 is intended to help Californians make more informed decisions about protecting themselves from chemicals that could cause cancer, birth defects or reproductive harm. There is a list of approximately 900 chemicals that can only be used in levels that fall below an established limit. Products sold in California that use one or more of the restricted chemicals in levels above their limit need to have a warning label on the product. These limits are more stringent than federal regulations. Some manufacturers put the label on all of their products that require it, while some just put it on the products that are being sold in California. Therefore, if you do not live in California and do not find a warning label on a product it does not necessarily mean it does not contain one of the restricted chemicals.
The labels can be confusing because they are not required to say how much of the chemical is in the product nor how a consumer might be exposed to it. In some instances, the consumer has very little exposure to the chemical with normal use of the product.
I recommend calling the manufacturer and asking what the chemical is that requires that label and how is it used in the product. That will give you a better idea of how much exposure you might have. For example, it could be that there is a chemical used in the tiny plastic feet on the bottom of the chair which is a very small exposure or it could be for a treatment for the fabric that is a much bigger exposure. In general however, I do not recommend any polyurethane foam for all of the reasons stated in this thread.
Your question about why is it sold in our country is an excellent one. Unfortunately, our federal chemical management system is not sufficient. California has imposed more stringent regulation for products sold in their state but the warning labels are not always clear or helpful.
Hi Lisa,
I am looking at the play mat with the link below (the website includes some safety reports):
https://wunderkids.ca/products/alzipmat
Inner: High Density Polyethylene FoamCover: Polyurethane Leather
The company states that it is the only playmat cover that is made from *FDA compliant (food contact grade) material. Plus the premium polyurethane leather is ultra soft, non-toxic, and hypoallergenic.
*FDA 21 CFR §175.300, Resinous and Polymeric Coatings. No chloroform residue was found after 24 hours exposure to 120℉ solvent.
Can you kindly comment if it is safe for babies/infants? Thank you in advance for your advice.
A simple answer to your question is yes, it is safe. It meets all of the safety requirements and is free of some of the more concerning ingredients you might find in a this type of product including PVC, EVA, TPA, BPA, Lead, Phthalate, Fire Retardants, Formamide, and Formaldehyde. It is considered food safe in the event that a child licks it. The problem with polyurethane foam or polyethylene foam is that they are often made with chemical additives. The safety standards can make you feel comfortable that there are not high levels of chemicals but it doesn’t mean there are no chemicals and therefore no VOCs. It is probably okay, but of course, is not as safe as a mat made of organic cotton with a natural fill. I understand that this is easier to clean and provides more protection from falls, so the tradeoff is yours to make.
Another option is ” rel=”noopener” target=”_blank”>Cream Haus.
It is OEKO-TEX Standard 100 certified which tells you that there is an additional standard that the mats need to meet. I can’t tell you specifically which chemicals are absent or lower than the other mat because manufactures do not disclose the chemicals used in their processing but it is one more layer of regulation.
Hi there,
I understand that polyurethane is a broad class of chemicals. I am an extremely light sleeper, and have used earplugs for five years to help with my sleep quality. I switched to soft foam earplugs a few years ago because harder foam ones were hurting my ears and waking me up. I have been using life brand (shoppers drug mart) soft foam ear plugs, and the most recent container I bought smells strongly of solvent. I have still been using it because it was a big container so it cost like 20 bucks, but if it has such a pungent odor that should be of significant concern right? I am at a loss of how to deal with the earplug issue because all soft foams are going to be PU of some kind, and it is near impossible to pry info about manufacturing from the sellers. Silicone ear plugs through a hearing clinic are supposedly harder than even hard foam, and so would not serve the purpose I need. Any thoughts?
This is not something I have looked into and as you point out, it is very difficult to get information from manufactures about the chemicals used in their products.
Try the Hearos brand, they don’t smell bad. They have different sizes and softness levels
So: 1) MDI = GOOD,
2) TDI = BAD, should be easy enough to remember if it was something I had to deal with everyday however; being a crafty person where wood is concerned, I was only interested in knowing because of a scam/phishing text offering me… weight reducing & varicose vein eliminating leggings for only $40 each & one of the 3 materials they’re made from is polyurethane (cotton + nylon being the others) and I was wondering how they were making clothes (that cost a fortune) out of a chemical that I’m constantly ensuring is stored and used properly to avoid any fires or fumes that are harmful when inhaled (the breathing of it being bad but wearing it okay was the “WTFhuh?!?” moment, lol) so I thank you for your research and hope you have a wonderful weekend. TTFN KLP
Unfortunately, it’s not quite that simple. Polyurethane in it’s pure form is relatively non-toxic, but there are chemicals that can be added to the PU to give it additional properties. Read more about it here.
Lisa, your link that says “Read more about the toxicity of leather.” takes me to a page on the Imprint website for a product called Imprint® CumulusPRO™ Professional Series Anti-Fatigue Comfort Mat with its proprietary Cushion-Core™ Technology.
Would you please repost the link for the toxicity of leather?
Updated. Thanks for the heads up.
Hello! I just found your site after googling “Waterproof polyurethane (PU) fireproof cotton”. It’s the material of an Infrared Sauna Blanket i was looking into from Higher Dose. It’s the only material listed, but I’m concerned about it as I would be primed for absorbing toxins while using it (which would defeat the whole purpose, ha!) I’m wondering if it’s something that I could let off-gas outside for a bit or if it would be too toxic. I’m looking for a more affordable way to incorporate sauna time as a means of supporting my lymphatic system.
Here’s the link for the FAQ about it. Curious to hear your thoughts! THANK YOU! 🙂
The first question I would ask is what makes it fireproof. Neither cotton nor PU are fire resistant so it is probably treated with chemical retardants, which are associated with adverse health effects. PU can be made in a pure form that is inert and not harmful but most plastics have additives that can be toxic. Read more about the here. The company would need to know what is in the PU they purchase and be willing to disclose it, which is not often the case.
I think your gut is right and that the potential negative health effects seem like too high a price to pay for a product that is design for health benefits. As you say, you are particularly vulnerable when you are sweating and the toxins from the materials are more likely to be released when heated. It’s hard to say if the chemicals would off-gas without knowing what they are.
Hi, I found you while googling ‘polyurethane foam’. I am trying to solve a mystery. Bought a sofa (I am in Europe, you say couch I think) from a shop I had not bought from before. Within an hour of delivery the sofa gave me severe nausea, headache, burning throat and eyes. We had to move the couch out of the house. We’re still battling with the shop. We have no idea what made me so ill.
It’s a month later… and I literally just bought a desk chair from Ikea and was very surprised to find the seat padding had the same (alarming) smell as the toxic sofa. Not sure whether it’s going to make me ill again. Haven’t put it together yet. Ikea says it is made from “Highly resilient polyurethane foam (cold foam) 60 kg/cu.m.”
I have bought many pieces of furniture in my life (am 45) and never had a reaction to anything. Mind you we like to buy solid wood and feather fillings but I never paid much attention to it, so no doubt we’ve had foam in the house before. Would you have any idea what could be making me so ill? Could it be any and all polyurthane foam? I am at a loss as where to start looking… Would love to hear your thoughts on this. Thanks!
There are many potential chemical additives in polyurethane foam so it is really hard to say what you could be reacting to. In addition to chemicals in the foam, a coach can contain adhesives, sealants, and fabric treatments. However, the symptoms you list are consistent with a sensitivity to formaldehyde. Ideally, I would get rid of the pieces of furniture that are causing your reaction. If that is not possible, I would consider an air filter that removes gases as well as particles.
Thank you!
Hey Debra, I was recently checking this Shiba Stuffed dog https://japanwave.us/collections/liv-heart/products/liv-heart-premium-nemu-nemu-body-pillow-l-48768-44
and I was wondering if it’s safe since it says that it has 5% PU
The bulk of the product is polyester which is made from petroleum and will offgas, but it is not as concerning as PU foam. The PU is only 5% of the product so I don’t think it is in foam form. It could be used for one of the decorations on the face. Most concerning would be if it contained flame retardants. You could write to the company and ask them. There does not be appear to be a phone number to call.
My brother recently bought me the Shiba and on the tag It had a warning about the California Proposition 65. Thank you so much Lisa for replying to my first comment!
You could write to the company and ask them what material requires the warning label.
I am trying to buy a recliner. I tried one from Living Spaces that was covered in 100% polyester but looked like leather. It really didn’t smell but was uncomfortable. So I went back and exchanged it for the next model up which is leather. It smelled like leather when they delivered it but at night my heart started racing and my throat burned.
Both are made in China (big shock, right). I am still trying to air out the leather recliner but went to a more expensive store, Johnson Furniture and Interiors and found a wall hugging recliner that can be covered in either leather or a 100% polyester fabric. This is a Comfort Design brand recliner made in the USA. The sales rep said that imported furniture is sprayed with something and domestic products are not.
I am wondering if good leather is safer than polyester or the other way around? The leather on the Living Spaces recliner had to be poor quality to meet the $500 price point. The Comfort Design recliner is $900 in fabric, probably about $1700 with leather.
What would you do? Thanks
Unfortunately, I would not recommend either. Almost all traditionally made upholstered furniture is made with polyurethane foam cushioning which is referenced in this post. No matter what fabric you use, there will be still be off- gassing from the foam. Most leather is also toxic and not preferred over polyester. Higher grades of leather are not less toxic. Read more about the toxicity of leather.
I have not seen a safe recliner, but there are companies that might be able to custom make one for you. It will not be inexpensive. Here is one to try. https://www.debralynndadd.com/debras-list/pine-street-natural-interiors/
Hi Lisa,
I ended up buying a store model recliner covered in polyester and a small amount of acrylic. Figured it is completely outgassed by now and didn’t smell in the store.
I’m going to buy an organic cotton throw or twin size sheet and cover it with that when I sit on it.
I had ordered a new one at first and it did smell but went away after a week but the chair wasn’t made well and it was hard to recline and stay there so I traded it in on the floor model (too bad I didn’t do that in the first place!).
It’s coming today and I just pray that someone wearing perfume didn’t sit on it!
I’m glad you have found a chair that is tolerable. Buying floor models can help. However, I just want to point out that odor is not always a reliable indicator of chemical off-gassing. An upholstered chair that is filled with polyurethane is likely to contain formaldehyde and possibly flame retardants. Formaldehyde can continue to off-gas for the life of the product and flame retardants in the foam can break down and end up in household dust. Unfortunately, a throw or sheet will not block this.
I understand that sensitive individuals struggle just to find products they can tolerate.
Well, that’s depressing. I should have kept my old recliner
I know, I’m sorry:( You could call the manufacturer and ask if there are fire retardants used in the chair. If not, at least you have peace of mind that it is free of some of the most harmful chemicals.
Hi,
Would you wear an appliance in your mouth that is made from polyurethane?
Thanks!
This has to be a personal choice. Most dental appliances are made from polyurethane or polypropylene. They shouldn’t contain phthalates but I would check to make sure.
Thanks for continuing to answer consumer questions on this topic. My dog likes soccer balls. He likes to chase them, then he likes to destroy them, then destroy them more and more until there is nothing but soccer ball bits all over the lawn. I do not believe he eats much of the soccer balls he shreds, but he is certainly exposing his mouth and his nose to, in some cases, the PU covering. Most balls are made from PVC, but higher end ones are made from PU. We get our balls from the dumb swap area so I don’t know for sure what he’s putting in his mouth.
Considering that my dog’s breed lives approximately 14 years and that most of the balls he’s shredding are made from PVC rather than PU, how critical is it that we put an end to my dog’s soccer career?
Critical. PVC is the most toxic plastic.
Is the substance only toxic in certain conditions, like polyurethane trim … is this toxic if used in the home? Assuming one doesn’t eat it or chew on it
It depends on what, if any, additives are in the material. It also depends on the type of exposure you would have. For example, a polyurethane coated fabric would be less worrisome than something you would eat off of.
Hi Debra,
I’m looking into the Gathre PU leather products, in particular for a baby playmat. Under their FAQ’s – https://gathre.com/pages/faqs it states that their products are made from polyutherane but contain no harmful/toxic chemicals. How is it possible to manufacture PU leather without the inclusion of toxic chemicals?
PU is less toxic than many other plastics but you are correct to question just how safe it is. It is still a plastic made from petrochemicals. When the company says that it contains no harmful chemicals what it really means is that the chemicals it uses have not been proven to cause harm. If you read my recent post on chemical regulations in the U.S. you know that most chemicals on the market have not been tested for safety.
A full evaluation of the health impact from PU is beyond the scope of this website but I would not buy this for a baby playmate. PU may be fine for an item with more limited exposure.
I recently purchased a Gathre mat and cushion not realizing the company uses PU. Will be returning. Thank you for this information
Hi. Gathre confirmed that their products use “polyurethane that does not contain Toluene Disocyanate or Methyl Isocyanate”. How might that be safer? I thought polyurethane always contained isocyanates.
There are other isocyanates aside from TDI and MDI. TDI is considered the most toxic. One of the problems with PU foam is that there can be unknown additives.
If you are looking for a the least toxic option for a playmat, I would recommend a GOTS certified organic cotton with cotton or wool fill. You can find some good options on Etsy that are like thin comforters. Etsy is great because you can often request that they make them with specific materials. For example, if you find on that has a GOTS certified cover but polyester fill ask if they can make it with organic cotton or wool fill.
I know that many people want to have a foam mat that has an easy-to-clean surface like PU. These materials are obviously not as safe as certified organic cotton but if you really want this type of mat, Cream Haus is the best I have found.
It meets all of the safety requirements and is free of some of the more concerning ingredients you might find in this type of product including PVC, EVA, TPA, BPA, Lead, Phthalate, Fire Retardants, Formamide, and Formaldehyde. This one is made of polyurethane leather and polyethylene foam. The problem with polyurethane foam or polyethylene foam is that they are often made with chemical additives. This one has additional assurance because it is OEKO-TEX Standard 100 certified. That means that it limits the use of harmful chemicals but not that it is totally free of chemicals.
My hardwood floor is glued down to the plywood subfloor with polyurethane glue. The installers said it was super strong, but now I wonder whether it is also super toxic.
Not necessarily. There are low and ultra-low VOC polyurethane adhesives available. I have even seen a zero-VOC product but am not sure how well it adheres.
I have been looking for a new backpack and it’s difficult to find good looking ones that are also free of chemicals. I found one that I like the look of (no, LOVE actually!), but I know it’s coated with polyurethane in order for it to be water resistant and stain resistant. Is it harmful or not? I mean, I would wear the backpack every day for school.
Polyurethane itself is not toxic. It’s the additives that are toxic.
A polyurethane coating on fabric should be fine.
Hi Debra! Thanks for your help, will like to find out if this PU playmat is safe: https://infantino.com.sg/products/designskin-transformable-bumper-mat-grey
There is not enough information on the link for me to make an informed opinion. It says it is made with PU Memorial Fabric and a High Density Compressed Air cell Pad. I would need to know exactly what was in those materials. Much of the information is in another language.
What if it says:100% polyyurethane?
Even 100% polyurethane can have additives. Unfortunately, most companies don’t know or won’t disclose what those additives are. Read more about the toxins in plastic here.
Thank you Debra for answering all the comments!
I want to buy the following and it has TPU https://www.amazon.ca/AllerEase-Organic-Protection-Waterproof-Mattress/dp/B00KU37WOO/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1544248346&sr=8-2&keywords=Aller-Ease%2Bmattress%2Bpad&th=1 I have just read your comment above that TPU is OK so I think that the bed cover should be OK but could you please have a look it and tell me what you think. Just in case. Thank you so much!
This is typical of waterproof products made from organic materials.
Hi Debra
What do you think of the playmats from https://graceandmaggie.com.au.
Here’s what they claim: “Our mats are created from high quality TPU foam, and are free from nasty chemicals like BPA and PVC” and “Made from next generation thick non-toxic TPU foam material, our mats have been extensively tested to ensure they surpass International Toy Safety Standards.
Our products are made from biodegradable materials therefore they will break down over time as they haven’t been preserved with harsh chemicals. For this reason, the lighter toned playmats may present with slight discolouration or yellowing of the outer edges where they have been pressed. We pride ourselves on the sustainability of our products, however want to ensure that the buyer is made aware of this pre-purchase as it is not a fault but a characteristic of the product.”
Thanks!
It sounds like it would be OK, but some of the language sounds contradictory. TPU is polyurethane so TPU is polyurethane foam. Additives may be present. Ask to see the results of their extensive testing.
Hi Debra,
The Leander change pad is made from polyurethane but all reviews say it’s safe. I’m confused. What do you think?
Thank you!!
Pure polyurethane is not toxic and there are many products that are made from nontoxic polyurethane.
I think there needs to be better labeling. I can’t guess about materials for which I have no information.
Hi Debra,
I own the Ergobaby Original Baby Carrier in the Natural Linen fabric. My concern is with the padded back/shoulder straps which are stuffed with polyurethane foam for cushioning/support. I contacted the company to inquire about the materials and this was their response:
“The Ergo Original in Linen is not chemically treated with flame retardants on any part of the carrier including the foam. The fabrics used in the linen carrier are Oeko-Tex Standard 100 Certified to be free from harmful chemicals.”
Here is the product link: https://ergobaby.com/natural-linen
Does this seem OK to you, even though polyurethane foam is present?
polyurethane foam itself is toxic with or without flame retardant.
They are on the right track. They could replace their foam with latex or polyethylene foam for a better product.
Hi – Our home is dusty (in spite of my best efforts and totally OCD cleaning habits). I was looking into getting mattress protectors for our natural, latex mattresses. A friend recommended Allerzip (her kids have severe allergies). Do you know if they are safe? I went through the effort of buying natural latex mattresses, so I do not want to put anything on it that is unsafe. They say they use a ‘polyurethane film.’ Thanks!
Polyurethane film on mattress covers is fine.
So I want to ask two questions:
Is a Teflon based coating on fabric different than PU? I really do not know much about the chemistry.
Finally, certain types of garments display labeling information and logos in a print like is used for images on the front of outfits that degrades and falls off piece by piece over time. Do you know anything about the materials used for that and how having it against the skin can be safe?
Thanks Debra, your work is invaluable but I really think this planet is doomed with all the chemical contamination not to mention all the other rampant harm. It is probably why the companies who make the chemicals do not care. They just accelerate the damage that is swamping the poor ecosystem and for what? Maybe they just hate God’s creation that much.
Teflon is NOT the same as PU.
Without going into all the chemistry. those plastic prints you describe are toxic and I don’t use anything that has them on the fabric.
I understand your viewpoint about the planet being doomed, but I don’t agree, It IS doomed if we do nothing. Those of us who love God’s creation just need to love MORE than those who hate. Things are so much better every day. We’re moving in the right direction, we’re just not there yet.
Keep using toxic-free products. Keep talking about this with other people. Contribute to the good happening on this planet every day with your thoughts, words, actions, and contributions.
Hi Debra,
i see that my hairspray contains polyurethane. Is this dangerous to use?
There are probably other ingredients in your hairspray that are more toxic. I wouldn’t use it.
Hi Debra my parents gifted my son a crib mattress from Colgate. The one that is exclusively made for buy buy baby. It has food-grade polyethylene foam coils is this ok? If not. I’m wondering what cover do you recommend for me to put on top? I cannot return the mattress or not use it. So I want to do the best I can. We are all new to learning about toxins in our everyday life.
Food grade polyethylene is fine for a crib mattress. What is the waterproof fabric on top?
Hi Debra! I ordered this bed from pottery barn. I emailed them to tell me what it’s made out of. This was their response…
Padding is 89% Polyurethane Foam and 11% Polyester Fiber batting. Item is D22 and D30 compliant ; and meets TB117-2013 & “TRIS” free.
Is this toxic? Should I cancel my order?
I would cancel your order. Just becasue it doesn’t contain TRIS doesn’t mean it’s not toxic.
Im looking to buy a purse than is made of PU leather. Is this safe? My mother has had breast cancer, as has my mother in law. I dont want something unsafe being held against my body, so I want clarification please.
I’d like clarification too. If you are uncertain, don’t use it.
That said, there is much evidence that PU is safe in some forms. Polyurethane foam is NOT one of them, but a purse may be fine.
Does PU have no known carcinogens? I know PVC does. What about HTV? My daughter just started a vinyl T-shirt business. The vinyl is PU not PVC and CPSIA compliant. I emailed the company and they did air quality tests as the vinyl was heated and it was found that no harmful chemicals were released. My question is, since the vinyl is safe for children’s clothing I assume she is safe to handle the vinyl during the weeding and placing process?
I’ve consistantly read that well-manufactured polyurethane is not toxic at all. No concerns about cancer for plain polyurethane.
Do you know what type of plastic is used to make heat transfer vinyl? If it’s PVC I wouldn’t use it. Heat makes the toxic phthalates in PVC evaporate.
Hi Debra, I am building a house and the ceiling/1st floor is like a sandwich= hardwood+asphaltic membrane+”filling”+polished hardwood on top).
For the “filling” we intend it for noise reduction + for thermic properties. We are considering 2 options: 1) Polyurethane foam or planks, OR 2) glass fiber. Which is less toxic? Or is there any other alternative that is much better (not sure if that would be available in Argentina where I live). Many thanks!
Glass fiber.
Do you think this feeder is safe made from polyurethane?
https://www.etsy.com/listing/245297127/modern-pet-feeder-dog-bowl-or-cat-bowl?ref=shop_home_feat_2
Well this is good that they listed the materials: Baltic Birch, Steel, Laminate, Plywood, Wire, White, Formica, Paint, Europly, Low Voc Finish, Water Based, PolyWhey, Polyurethane.
The part I’m concerned about is laminate because most laminate uses toxic glues.
The way this ingredients list is written they clearly don’t understand the ingredients. Too many unknowns here. There’s a low-VOC finish over an unknown paint, laminate, plywood. I personally wouldn’t buy this.
This baby mat is made with a PU cover. Is it safe? Creamhaus link to product specification
https://www.creamhaus.us/collections/folding-play-mat/products/folding-play-mat-grey
PU film as a waterproof layer is fine.
I had to buy new soaker hoses and came across a product I’d not see – Polyurethane Soaker Hose by Water Right. Claims they are drinking water safe: lead, BPA & Phthalate Free. After reading your column here Think I’ve been duped.
No. Polyurethane itself is not toxic, so this could be as claimed. It’s a lot less toxic than PVC hose.
Hi Debra, I’m looking into buying a Peg Perego Siesta high chair for my baby. The material is “faux leather”; Peg Perego clarified that it’s 100% Polyurethane with a backing of cotton/polyester.
Because my baby’s hands will be touching the highchair at all times and going into his mouth, do you think it’s still safe to get this high chair? (PS- the other option was PVC!!)
This is better than PVC.
I would not use the seat if I were you. I was disappointed to find out that even my expensive keekaroo high chair insert had flame retardant in it. Consider using a stockke high chair that is pure wood (it’s expensive though). I got my twins a solid wood, unfinished Montessori cube table and chair set and we have been using that since about 13 months, but you can use this set up as soon as they’re able to sit up on their own. I wish I had known about this before I bought high chairs.
Hi. I am looking for non-toxic reusable snack bags for my son to bring to school to replace plastic bags. All I can find is bags with “water resistant liners” like this: https://www.bumkins.com/collections/snack-bags/products/reusable-snack-small-2-pack?variant=31165757319
I emailed the company to ask about this water resistant liner and they said: “Our waterproof products are made from a polyester material with a
polyurethane waterproof coating.” Their website says food safe and BPA, PVC, Vinyl, Phthalate, and Lead-free. What do you think? Could you suggest snack bags that are non toxic and don’t have liners like this? I don’t need it to be waterproof as I will be putting dry snacks in there like chips, crackers, etc.
If you don’t need it to be waterproof, just look for organic cotton, linen or hemp drawstring bags. There are many available online. See the Bags page of Debra’s List.
Hi, I was just looking at these same baggies for my daughters lunch. I am brand new to learning about toxins and chemicals in everyday products and am very much a novice in this area. We are currently removing all plastic from our home and replacing it including my kids cups, plates, bowls ect. So I don’t want to replace the throw away plastic baggies with something else that’s dangerous. So are these bumpkins bags safe? I noticed your recommendation for non waterproof bags but what about waterproof ones? Or is it too complicated and I’m better off using silicone bags, glass cubes and stainless steel sandwich boxes? Or I’ve heard wax paper can be used to wrap sandwiches? Any reason was paper should be avoided? Thank you for your help!
Wax paper is waxed with petroleum-based paraffin. I would use silicone-coated unbleached parchment paper instead (sold at every natural food store).
I use a glass containers with silicone tops for my primary food storage containers.
Waterproof cloth wraps with polyurethane film lining are OK, but you also might look at cloth wraps waterproofed with beeswax, which would be more natural.
You should look into Bees Wrap.
I have seen some “vegan leather” soft purses made from 100% polyurethane. How do rate these on a toxicity scale?
In general it’s safer than PVC, for example, which is also used by vegans as a leather substitute. Those with MCS may not tolerate it.
Hi. I need your advice about a crib mattress I’m considering. I’m not sure about the polyurethane used. The company emailed me back with the following information :
Our Pure & Simple Natural Dual Firm mattress is made of a renewable, plant-based foam (plant from the magnolia family). A percentage of the foam is made from food grade polyurethane. The polyurethane that is used is third party tested Certi-pur certified. The mattress cover is made with 100% organic cotton. The barrier fabric we use as a fire retardant is Rayon – a cellulose material located underneath the top layer. It is much safer than chemical fire retardants.
Polyurethane foam is polyurethane foam. Certi-Pur certified does not mean it’s nontoxic. MOST of that “plant-based foam is petroleum-based polyurethane.
Hi Debra, I was also looking into a crib mattress for my baby. I found https://happsy.com/products/happsy-organic-baby-crib-mattress?variant=38217244879&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIqLPAgPDC2gIVTmcZCh3WPw3REAQYAiABEgLoe_D_BwE and would like to know your insight.
Thank you,
One concerned mom
I recommend the Happsy crib mattress on Debra’s List.
I don’t see a crib mattress on the Happsy website? Just a foundation is available. Has it been discontinued?
Happsy crib mattress has been discontinued.
Hi, can you advise on this product: https://www.allmodern.com/furniture/pdp/wade-logan-cowen-wood-frame-platform-bed-wdln3073.html?piid=24235157
I wouldn’t use it. Look under Specifications. Click on the +. It says it’s made with faux leather and manufactured wood. Both of these are red flags for toxic chemicals.
Polyester and polyurethane fibers have relatively low toxicity. I personally prefer to wear natural fibers.
Hi Debra, I purchased a wedge pillow for reading in bed, that says its polyurethane foam 100%; outer cover( looks/feels like a thin fleece): 80% polyester & 20% nylon, All new material. It also says not to machine wash or dry, but spot cleaning okay; which makes me wonder if it has a stain-resistant finish?
It speaks on meeting flammability requirements, California Bureau though the product was made in China and meets federal regs., etc.
One night, dark room I pushed it off and in picking in up grazed my hand across & saw sparks or some electric light emitting like friction but w/o the sound like when clothing articles are pulled apart from one another after being in the dryer. Your view on the toxicity of this product and it being toxic
Thank You!
From your description only, I wouldn’t use this pillow personally. Sounds like all synthetic materials and polyurethane foam often contains fire retardants because it is very flammable.
Somebody should tell the man who is putting mega commercials on tv about his “wonderful” pillows that are made of polyurethane! How many people are going to have their health harmed by sleeping on these pillows that he calls perfect!
Marcia: I have also been wondering about the new pillow I ordered, especially when I saw the tag…”Polyurethane.” Maybe I should just dispose of it. I stopped using down to protect the birds!!!
Yes disposed of it.
I recently purchased the my pillow and broke out in a rash on my face. It has polyurethane fill. I am bringing it back for a refund.
I’m looking to purchase faux flowers, but have had trouble finding any that are non toxic. Do you have any suggestions or recommended companies?
Well, not plastic. Silk flowers would be better.
Hi Debra. I was looking for a cotton Dooney Burke bag like my older one that never gave me any issues and discovered a plaid tote I like. After reading the materials it says cotton coated with PVC. This can not be the same PVC we put in our bathrooms or is it? i was wondering your take on it.
Yes, it’s the same PVC and just as toxic as a shower curtain. I wouldn’t use it.
I recently bought a faux leather jacket. When I got home and cut the label I realized that it contained the California prop 65 warning. Specifically it says that the product contains chemicals known to cause cancer, or birth defects or other reproductive harm. I looked at the materials used in the jacket and the “shell” is made of polyurethane. I bought the jacket in New York and I live in Texas. The owner of the store made light of the label and said you would have to eat it for it to cause harm. Can you give me your opinion on whether it is safe for me to wear this jacket? I’d rather be safe than fashionable or sorry. Thank you.
I can’t evaluate this specific jacket without more information.
Do you have any thoughts about “My Pillow” brand pillow? It is made of polyuerathane foam, which I know if not good. This pillow, however, does not smell at all. They told me that they air out the foam. It seems to be the only pillow that works for my neck.
Thanks!
I don’t know anything about this pillow.
Hello Debra ! I been buying planners from Michaels store that are made of polyuerathane materials and also im concerned the ones that are in gold methalic colors . Are this planner covers toxin and harmfull for health ?
I don’t buy any covers that look like plastic. Only paper covers.
Hi Debra,
Thank you for the article. I recently bought a rain suit for my toddler. I wrote the company and the response was that the suit is polyester and polyurethane only, and nothing toxic.
But when I received it, the chemical smell was over powering. I soaked it in baking soda for 24 hrs. It still smelled strongly. I washed it in the washing machine. It still smelled strongly. Since then it has been hanging in my bathroom off gassing for about a week. It doesn’t smell so bad anymore, except around the cuffs.
What do you think is making the smell? Will be safe once it is finished off gassing?
I’m not sure if we should use it.
thank you for your help!
I think there is something in it other than polyurethane or polyester.
I would return it.
Hi!
I have MCS and have had pretty good success in removing toxic chemicals from clothing by soaking them in a solution of EM-1 and water. This is a live product of microorganisms. It seems to break down many harmful chemicals. It works especially well if you also expose it to sunshine and let it soak for at least a couple of days. It can be purchased online.
I bought a skirt that contains Pu Resin so it looks like imitation suede. Not like the old types in the past that were made with polyester. It is I guess the short form of Polyurethane. I wanted to google it to see if this material/fabric was safe to wear.
For clothing I think it’s always better to choose natural fibers because they breathe. Polyurethane is often used for a waterproofing layer because it blocks moisture, so it would block perspiration as well.
Hello Debra,
Is PU leather in UTK heating pad is toxic?
If yes, what other product that is safer you can recommend? Thank you so much!!
I can’t answer that quesiton because I don’t know what additives may have been used in addition to polyurethane.
As for safe heating pads, I’ll make that a quesiton in my Toxic Free Q&A. I need to do some research and will ask my readers.
I think it is toxic. I bought a pad from costco as a flex form(TPU as I researched) and spend 2 min on it and my back felt it ammidiatly! Masculses just tightened in a familiar way as on a memory foam (also from costco) I developed an alergy for that staff and fill it ammidiatly!
Hi
I just bought a new cooling pillow this week. And it has had such a strong odor, to breathe on it. I was reading just now, on the tag attached to the side of it. And it says, “Under Penalty Of Law This Tag Not To Be Removed Except By Consumer.” All new material consisting of polyurethane foam pad 70% Gel 30% Reg. No. PA-29579 (MS) etc. etc. then Polyurethane foam pad coated with gel and phase changing material. Am I in danger breathing this pillow every night? Any advice? It can’t be washed in the washing machine. Only spot cleaned and layed to dry.
Thank You!
Yes. Polyurethane FOAM should not be used.
Debra Lynn,
My daughter has become obsessed with “squishies”, a sort of toy that you squeeze with your hands and they slowly rise back into shape.
They are apparently made of polyurethane. I am assuming they are toxic but can you confirm for me before I ban them from my home.
Many thanks!
I looked at a few websites and found one that said, “Made out of super squishy soft rising foam.”
Well that would be polyurethane foam and I can tell you for a fact that polyurethane foam contains and outgasses a whole list of toxic chemicals.
Just as I don’t recommend polyurethane foam for mattresses or upholstered furniture, I wouldn’t recommend it for children’s toys.
I’m attempting to evaluate the relative safety of water storage bladders used for kayaking, camping, etc. Without exception they are BPA-free, food grade polyurethane, the same as the small hydration bladders such as Camelback.
There is a frequent comment in reviews that water stored in them still tastes of “iodine” or is “plastic-y”. I take this as a sign that something is leaching. I won’t store water in them for more than 24-36 hours at a time and will keep them from high heat. This is such a conundrum. I’ve got to transport water but don’t want to be getting a dose of chemicals in the process.
What is your opinion of storing water in these bladders?
Thanks for any information,
Ms. B Dawson
Any soft plastic is going to leach into any food or beverage. Pure polyrethane is one of the least toxic, but may contain unknown additives, making the toxicity of the polyurethane unknown.
In today’s world it is practically impossible to avoid plastic 100%. I do everything I can. In your case, if you can’t carry glass, keep the water in the polyurethane for as little time as possible. For example, fill just before going kayaking and then empty and refill, rather than keeping the water in the bladder for hours.
I would also suggest looking into water bladders made out of animal skin. Just like they used to use hundreds of years ago.
My only concern about this is I don’t know what chemicals the skin might have been treated with. I know leather is generally treated with a number of toxic chemicals.
I just don’t know the answer to this. Have you done any research on this or what is your experience using water bladders and where do you get them?
What about silicon bladders? Silicon is non reactive and stable even at high temps
I am fine with using silicone.
100% silicone that has no added toxic chemicals to it. Silicone products from China almost always contain toxic added chemicals to soften the silicone!
I noticed that when I wore my denim jeans that have spandex (polyurethane polymer)in them caused (Im guessing this was the cause) a rash on my legs that resolved in a few days. This made me realize how much spandex is in everything that I wear. Other than rashes are there other negative consequences of wearing so many clothes with spandex?
First I just want to point out that spandex does not equal polyurethane. So you cannot make assumptions about one based on the other.
If you are having a rash from wearing spandex, I would stop wearing spandex. I don’t wear any spandex at all.
Chemical & Engineering News calls spandex “a sensationally bizarre polyurethane.”
Polyurethane is a broad class of chemicals, some of which are combined with other chemicals to make new materials such as spandex. Other times polyurethane contains toxic additives, such as when it is made into polyurethane foam.
But spandex and polyurethane are not the same just because spandex is made—in part—from polyurethane.
Hi Debra. First, thank you for this article. Can you tell me more about spandex? Why don’t you wear it at all? It’s in so many pieces of my clothing. I’m transitioning to natural fibers, but even many organic cotton clothes have 8% or so of spandex. I’ve never noticed any reactions from wearing spandex. Can you give me some pointers? Thank you.
Here read this: AMERICAN LATEX ALLERGY ASSOCIATION: Cotton, Nylon, Spandex and Allergies
Debra, Just wanted to add this to my previous post. Does a test like this indicate safety? I felt better after reading it, but not really good at deciphering these medical tests. Thank you again.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19577155
Yes, this study indicates that the material used to make invisalign does not harm cells and does not have estrogenic effects.
It does not verify any other possible health effects.
Hi! Not sure if you can answer this, or give me some direction but I’m about to start Invisalign treatment to realign teeth and bite. I asked the ortho for the type of plastic used and it’s called Thermoplastic Polyurethane Copolyester (I don’t know if these are 3 different plastics or one). Apparently safe & BPA free, but I know there are other chemicals used in BPA free plastics to be cautious of. I’ve paid for the the photos, and stupidly didn’t ask about the plastic till after. Everything I read says they’re safe, but I’ve always been concerned about plastic. A friend of mine has gone through treatment with them and had no problems…maybe something that isn’t apparent at the time of treatment but detrimental to health all the same. Thank you so much!
Thermoplastic Polyurethane Copolyester (TPC) is one plastic. It’s not tremendously toxic, however, all plastics leach to one degree or another and I would be cautious about using something that requires a plastic being in my body for extended periods.
I did a little search on health effects of this plastic and it was very difficult to find anything. I couldn’t find a SDS for TPC, but I did find the MSDS for Invisalign. It gives the usual health effects for various routes of exposure, but not for lengthy presence in your mouth.
Sorry I can’t be more clear about this, but I just don’t have data, which is often the problem with evaluating products.
Hello,
Im trying to find out what controls/legislations are in place regarding the chemicals used in foam ear plugs. I started research on matress composition as i want to be sure im not sleeping on a cancer ticket! I find that the various VOCs are controlled ib various ways by certification bodies such as europur or greenguard gold but i find nothing about ear plug material controls
Worrying really…
Thank you for your website Debra. I recently began to wear Invisalign’s to correct a cross bite. I am allergic or highly sensitive to liquid polyurethane and have to stay away from the house from the slightest project to the grandest. I never once considered that having the invisalign in my mouth would overload my personal system as much as it has. I developed a very dry mouth for 3 months, my tongue turned a pale yellow, I had several sore throats and attributed it to the weather or work, when in fact I rarely get sick; the skin on my face began to thin, my skin began to develop dermatitis on my clavicle, an old scar became dark pink, and I became very sensitive to a number of foods I have eaten all my life. I am 56 years old and in great health. I never had an issue before with what I stated above. I do have a sensitive system to chemicals and medicines in general and recognize that is my story. However, after just completing extensive testing for IgE and IgG allergies, seasonal allergies, Rondulin testing and Celiac testing, all the results came back NEGATIVE. The only change in my life was the Invisalign. For the vast majority of people they are safe, but I do recall if I had something warm/hot to drink ( and I was instructed I could) the invisalign’s would shrink to my teeth and then return to the regular form. It took me having an allergic reaction on 5/29/17 and a trip to the ER that presented as a food allergy (full body flushing and burning sensations) to finally uncover this is all due to the Invisalign overwhelming my system and probably leaching into my body and my immune system then going into high alert. So even though it is rare, it is real to have a reaction. They do make Hypoallergenic Invisalign’s that are most costly and may be worth the try. I am not putting anything more in my mouth and will deal with my cross bite. I hope this helps.
Thanks for sharing your experience.
I just want to add here that it’s very difficult to establish what’s “toxic” and what’s not because there is a difference between toxicology studies and individual reactions. It’s common for people to have reactions to things like flowers and foods, which are not damaging to the body but may trigger a reaction in some people who are sensitive.
Though pure polyurethane is not considered toxic by scientific study, it certainly could cause a reaction, but anything and everything can cause reactions.
Each of us needs to use our own good judgement.
Personally I would not put any petroleum-based material such as this in my mouth overnight.
Hello Beth, I wondered if you would share please exactly what tests helped to uncover your allergy to polyurethane? I believe this is my case too…with 2 horrible reactions to 2 polyurethane-based PICC lines, I just don’t know how to confirm it 🙁 I would be so grateful for your help! Thank you!
My daughter recently used Invisilign teeth straightening trays for 18 months, until we realized her growing allergic/adverse reaction to them. It seems clear that there was a build up of chemicals, overtime, in her system. Invisilign trays are made of polypropylene. Now, as a mom, I feel like such an idiot for not thinking about the ramifications of keeping polypropylene in my daughter’s mouth, for 22 hours a day, for almost 2 years.
I am curious after reading about Invisilign if they are more toxic than getting the standard metal braces with bands? My daughter will need braces in a year or so.
Hi Debra,
Have you heard of TPU film or PE film laminated with cotton fabric as an alternative to PVC? I am wanting to make some baby bibs and not sure what is the safest laminated product to use on cotton.
Yes I’ve heard of both TPU and laminated PE and they are both safer than PVC.
Hello Debra
I am working on a prototype coffee cup. A very unique one I must say. My main concern is to use safe material as not to harm the drinker from toxic leaching off my cup. I have no money to spend on a mold injection model, which I have read uses safe plastic material. Instead I am having to use a polyurethane resin called Easy Flow 60 to pour my models. I have doubts as to the safety of this product for real use of my cup. I am hoping you might give me some useful information that will lead me to a safe polyurethane, if there is one, I can use. Thank you
This is beyond my technical knowledge. Find someone who is a green chemistry consultant to advise you.
I just found your site and am so happy!!!! I am hoping you can help. My question, this website says their products are non-toxic. But how can you be sure, or what questions should you ask a company if the product they sell simply says, “Recyclable Foam with Premium PU Leather Cover”
https://www.creamhaus.us/collections/folding-play-mat/products/folding-play-mat-blue-ivory
First of all, it is false and misleading to state that a product is nontoxic without providing substantiation.
I don’t state that products are nontoxic. I’m looking at the materials used to make the products. For me, a product is nontoxic if it is a collection of nontoxic materials.
Firt I would ask them what the recyclable foam is made from. Then I would look up PU leather and see if there are any chemicals added to the PU to make it into leather.
Ask them for their substantiation for making the claim the product is nontoxic.
This bib says it’s non-toxic but has a PU coating. How do I know if it’s safe for my baby?
https://amazon.com/gp/aw/d/B07JHNVH6R?psc=1&ref=ppx_pop_mob_b_asin_title
Polyurethane is one of the safer plastics when in pure form. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to find out what chemical additives there are in the polyurethane. The PU is coated over a polyester fabric so the fabric itself will offgas to some degree. A safer bet is a cotton bib that can be washed.
Hi, glad I found this site. A month and a half ago I bought this bed…
https://www.structube.com/en/swami-queen-size-bed-51-85-21?pid=11584
At first I thought it was just the new leather smell. But after a week of itchy eyes and irritated throat I realized that the headboard had this very strong chemical smell. Than I noticed on their website that the headboard had ‘Polyurethane cover content’. By that time it was to late to bring it back to the store. After several days of leaving my bedroom window open (its January. I’m in Canada), wiping off the headboard with sometimes vinegar sometimes baking soda with water, somehow most of the smell is gone. I’m still a little scared of sleeping with my head laying to close to the headboard. Don’t know if it’s the PU cover content, or some fire retardant or something else inside or on the headboard that’s outgasing. I’m not even sure that if and when all the smell is gone that’s it still safe. Your opinion would be appreciated. Thanks.
I would say it’s probably some other chemical. If it has a cover, does it have polyurethane foam inside? It may have a fire retardant.
How safe is the thermoplastic polyurethane in the new interior car seats from
toyota and others? I want to know if it is safe to buy .
Thank you so much. It has been on my mind as we are purchasing a car with softech or softtex.
Elizabeth
Softex is a new artificial leather make from thermoplastic polyurethane (see http://articles.sae.org/11983/).
In comparison to the vinyl and cloth materials widely used in car interior, this would be much less toxic.
Hello,
I just purchased a bra which says it is made of urethane resin. Is this safe or could it possible leach chemicals that could get absorbed through the skin? I would love to hear your thoughts.
Thanks, Sara
Read Q&A: Polyurethane Foam in Bra Padding
Hello!
I have been researching a new couch before purchase as it will be quite an investment for me and I wanted to ensure what I was buying was safe.
The furniture is bonded leather: a composite material constructed of recycled leather scraps/particles glued on back of cover with a cellular polyurethane face. The cover is considered a urethane fabric. The inside is said to be high-quality polyurethane foam with a polyester batting. The manufacturer claims that it does not contain chemical flame retardants. While the furniture passes flammability tests, it does not contain the chemicals.
Additionally, I found a list of manufacturers here which are said to not use flame retardants:
http://greensciencepolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Buying_FR-free_furniture.pdf
Would you avoid purchasing this furniture because of the “high quality polyurethane foam?” Do you think that it is a safer polyurethane foam since it is not treated with flame retardants?
Do you have any advice on what else I should ask to clarify the dangers of this furniture?
Thank you for all of your research.
While polyurethane foam without flame retardants is certainly safer, I cannot recommend polyurethane foam of any type because there are other chemicals in the polyurethane foam.
There are just a lot of red flags for me in your description.
First, leather scraps would have heavy metals and other chemicals that are commonly used to process leather.
Then it’s glued to the polyurethat face. I recently got a sample of “cork fabric” that is scraps of cork glued like this. It smelled so bad I couldn’t have it in my house.
There are just too many unknown factors here with known possible problems.
Search for “sofa” in my website search box and you will get a lot of information about safe sofa options in all price ranges.
What do you think about snow boots that contain polyurethane? My little ones will probably wear them for literally a few hours a few days a year because we live in the south and snow is rare. I tried to just put them in their rain boots the other day and their poor little feet were frozen. Thank you!
I think that’s fine. Remember, pure polyurethane is not toxic. It’s the additives put into polyurethane to make foam and wood finish that make it toxic.
Hello! Thank you for this informative post! I am in the market for an air mattress and found one that is made of 150D Polyester Oxford – TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethane). It says it’s PVC/Phthalate free. The folks in the reviews say they have not noticed any strong odors or off gassing. What are your thoughts as to toxicity of TPU materials?
Thanks in advance!!
TPU is a polyurethane film bonded to a fabric with heat.
Safety Data Sheets for polyurethane do not list any health effects, and products made from polyurethane do not list polyurethane as a hazardous ingredient on their Safety Data Sheets.
While pure polyurethane is widely considered to be nontoxic, it is made from petroleum, so may cause reactions for individuals who are sensitive to petrochemicals.
I see other comments about Invisalign retainers. After finishing treatment (2 1/2 years) and moving to nighttime only wear, the headaches, nausea, brain fog and eye strain increased – not sure why the increase, but finally figured out I was reacting to the toxins in the plastic. Switched to a wire retainer and no problem. Kind of scary I exposed my body to it for so long – hope there are no lasting effects, but was on migraine medicine. Feel so much better. The headaches did not feel related to teeth movement and it never crossed my mind I could react to the toxins. After being prayed for at church one night, I “forgot” to wear the retainers, felt GREAT the next day and the thought came into my head – “It’s the retainers.” Thank you, Lord!
Thanks for all this helpful info!
What about a product that is made of “100% nylon coated polyurethane”?
I want to buy these bibs called “Cleanbibs” made by Kushies Baby, so I emailed them to find out what they are made of, and that’s what they said.
I’m thinking that since it’s coated with nylon, that’s the part that will touch baby’s skin and so it should be ok. But…since it’s also made of polyurethane, I’m not convinced it’s safe.
Thanks!
I can’t give you a definitive answer to this. All these industrial materials can have multiple formulations and nylon might contain something not revealed. The safest bib would be organic cotton.
One more question about this – they state that all their products are “certified lead, phthalate, and BPA free, and are in strict accordance with Canadian, U.S., and European specifications” and the polyurethane is not treated with any flame retardants.
In your opinion, do you think this makes the product safe to use?
Thanks!
No. This language is actually being used now on various products, and I’m in the process of researching it. Note they do not say WHO certified it or WHAT specifications. Without that information the statement is meaningless.
That makes sense, thank you for your help!
It’s so discouraging that statements like these are everywhere and yet don’t really mean anything.
Hi,
Are these safe for babies, says non toxic TPU and safety report is on their website:
https://munchkinandbear.co.uk/pages/faqs
Many Thanks,
Lindey
There is not enough information for me to tell you if it’s safe. It is free of heavy metals as their testing shows but there are many other possible chemicals of concern. The safest PU playmat I have found is Cream Haus.
It meets all of the safety requirements and is free of some of the more concerning ingredients you might find in this type of product including PVC, EVA, TPA, BPA, Lead, Phthalate, Fire Retardants, Formamide, and Formaldehyde. It is considered food safe in the event that a child licks it. The problem with polyurethane foam or polyethylene foam is that they are often made with chemical additives. The safety standards can make you feel comfortable that there are not high levels of chemicals but it doesn’t mean there are no chemicals and therefore no VOCs. This has additional assurance because it is OEKO-TEX Standard 100 certified. I can’t tell you specifically which chemicals are absent or lower because manufactures do not disclose the chemicals used in their processing but it is one more layer of regulation.
Even the Cream Haus is not as a safe as a mat made of organic cotton or wool but I understand that this is easier to clean and provides more padding. The choice is yours to make if a PU mat is the better option for your family.
I’ve just purchased a Babymoov Lovenest pillow for my 2 month old to stop her head going flat.
I’ve seen that the foam is made from Polyurethane.
Could you say whether I shouldn’t use this for my baby and what the risks are please? I’m confused by the articles I’ve read online.
Thank you.
As a rule I do not recommend polyurethane foam. It is made from a number of toxic chemicals that can outgas and is often treated with flame retardants because it is so flammable. I wouldn’t recommend using polyurethane foam in any product.
My toilet seat cover is made out of 100% polyurethane. I just purchased a soft, foam toilet seat made entirely out of polyurethane. After opening the package, I read a large label that said 100% polyurethane foam pad. After reading your article, I believe it falls under the TDI chemical group. Is this toilet seat toxic? And would you happen to know of any non-toxic toilet seats?
I personally avoid any polyurethane foam in any product.
I use a wooden toilet seat. Avoid any toilet seat with antimicrobials.
Where can one purchase a solid wood, formaldehyde-free, toilet seat?
Well I just found a nifty website.
Here are the solid wood toilet seats at amazon.com. It’s unlikely they would have formaldehyde because if there was formaldehyde it would be from the fake wood (such as MDF), not another component.
A comprehensive list of toilet seat types and materials.
A Toilet Seat Finder. You answer the questions, they find your perfect toilet seat.
Hi Emma,
I am concerned that if the baby flips over, the baby can suffocate on the pillow. Pillows and other soft products are not recommended to be in the bed of infants. It is very dangerous. I know of a 2 day old that was flipping himself over so even if you lay your baby down on her back, I would hate to have her flip over and not be able to breathe.
I just bought from REI two Osprey Hydraulics Reservoirs (water bladders) for our hiking trip in Death Valley. The bladders are made of “TPU film”. They both stunk terribly and the water we stored in them tasted awful no matter how many times I rinsed them out. I emailed Osprey, but Osprey never replied. I also flamed the product on their own website, Osprey never posted my review. Fortunately, REI took back both items. I think there is either a monomer or a plasticizer in the TPU that kept leaching into the water to leave a bad taste and into the air to give a terrible odor. Ugh.
Thanks for letting me know. I am going to do more research on this because everything I am reading about the toxicology of pure polyethylene says it’s not toxic. There must be something added to the mix that is causing the problem. I’ll look into it further.
Flexus sandal by Spring Step made in Italy arrived in the mail horribly reeking of some chemical–had to pack them back up + wrap the box in many layers of a large black garbage bag to contain the sickening smell. Product description says “polyurethane outsole”. So now it’s not just China-made products poisoning us. The world has gone crazy with toxic chemicals.
It may not be the polyurethane that is causing the odor. Many toxic chemicals go into the making of shoes.
Hi Beth…I just had the same experience. I bought a pair of sandals on Amazon, made in China, and as soon as I opened the shoebox I smelled gasoline fumes! Horrendous. I took them outside to the garage and left the box open for the past few days. They still smell, although not as strongly. I’ve been doing research on polyurethane and found this site. The shoes have a label on them that says both the inside and outside are made from “PU”.
Debra…does it absorb through the skin or is it breathing the fumes that is toxic?
whatever you are smelling absorbs through the skin and breathing the fumes are toxic. But I don’t want anyone reading this to get the idea that the horrible smell is PU. I’ve researched this and it just doesn’t produce that smell. There is some other chemical present.
Update on trying to find a non-toxic summer sandal–seems to be impossible.
Ordered SAS made in USA sandal from Zappos–horrible chemical smell + feet felt tingly from short try-on. Zappos c.s. “never had a complaint of smell”–Really? Sooo, I called SAS. c.s.–they turned hostile quickly to hear complaint. “Made of polyurethane + have never heard of this issue in 17 years”– I don’t believe it. Plus the left sandal was defective.
I give up + will follow Betty White’s life advise: Make do with you have.
Debra, is there a non-toxic sandal out there?
I wear Mephisto sandals and have worn them every day for years.
Nontoxic shoes and sandals are very difficult to find. See my Shoes page on Debra’s List for the few I think are best.
Hi and thanks for some great info!
I have two childeren and I wonder what plastic is best to have on a bed for changing dipers? I have seen PEVA and EVA ( is that the same?) and polyuretan? Which polyuretan would be best for babies to lie on?
Thank you!
Regards Sofia (a worried mother in sweden)
PEVA, EVA, and polyethylene would all be OK.
I am Vegan and use only cruelty-free products. Is the PU leather used by the company Matt and Nat to make purses, shoes, etc. safe? Thanks.
I went to their website and didn’t see anything called “leather”.
Keep in mind that vegans are concerned about not using animals, and toxic expsoures are not necessarily part of their interest. I see many items made from toxic vinyl, for example, recommended by and to vegans.
I wish they would put all their materials all on one page. I can’t easily see enough data about their materials to comment on them.
However, to answer your question, PU leather would be safer than PVC vinyl leather.
Hi! I am looking for an iPhone case, and most that pop up are made of TPU. Some are silicone, but I’ve heard that Silicone is really not the best way to go either. Would you be able to point me in the right direction for a good phone case? Thank you so so much.
I’ve been doing research lately on silicone and TPU.
Silicones have been widely studied for human health and environmental impacts. These studies have demonstrated that silicones are safe for human health and the environment when used as they are intended. Various Regulatory agencies in Canada, the United Kingdom and Europe have reviewed the scientific data available for specific silicones and found them to be safe. The only concern I’ve been able to find regarding silicones are silicone breast implants. So I personally am not concerned about a silicone phone case.
TPU is much more toxic to manufacture, but I haven’t been able to find any indication of harm to the end user in toxicological materials.
My conclusion is that either would be fine for you to use, but I personally would choose the silicone because it’s made primarily from silica (sand) and TPU is made from toxic petrochemicals.
Am I to understand that all memory foam pillows made from polyurethane foam are always toxic, even if they are certified by Certi-Pur-US? Specifically, I was considering the Nest Bedding Easy Breather Pillow. They also have a natural latex version. Would this be a better option? What are your thoughts on down/feather pillows in terms of toxicity? I have tried wool pillows in the past but find them uncomfortable. Thanks for any input.
See my post on Certi-Pur-US.
My #1 recommendation for pillows at this time are the Kapok Pillows from White Lotus Home. These are the pillows I use, and I have tried all the different materials.
Kapok is puffy and resiliant and supportive. I couldn’t be happier. Totally natural and nontoxic. It’s the perfect pillow material.
How about Soy based poly foam? crate and barel sells a couch, they assured us it’s FR free and non toxic
It may be FR free but still other potentially toxic materials are used. Soy foam is less than 20% soy and more than 90% polyurethane foam.
What about in a waterproof mattress cover for my 3 year old? I have to have something otherwise the mattress will be ruined with one bed wetting:( I don’t know what to do!
I just posted a new link on Debra’s List that sells the least toxic mattress covers I’ve been able to find: Protective Bedding Store.
Have you looked at Alcantara (68% polyester, 32% polyurethane)? Any significant off gas, what would be the off gas time duration?
I read that Alcantara is made with polyester and polystyrene. Polystyrene is more toxic than polyurethane, but in either case the important thing to understand is what types of treatments, if any, are on the fabric. You would need to call the company to find out but they may not be willing to tell you. Its likely that stain resistant coatings are used which can off-gass for years.
Use organic wool. Thats what we used for our three babies. The water just puddles on top of the wool. They are called wool puddle pads.
Lululemons reversible mat uses polyurethane. I’m not sure what type or of it’s safe.
We just bought memory foam pillows from target. They advertised as if they were made from bamboo but the inside is polyurethane foam. It smells horrible, like chemicals. I’m assuming this is not safe? We need good pillows for our necks but can’t seem to find any. Any suggestions for pillows that are good for your neck and are made of safe materials? Thanks!
You are correct. Not safe.
Try these pillows:
Shepherd’s Dream pillows
White Lotus Home pillows
oh no:( We have these and paid a lot for them a while ago. Is there a protective casing I could put around them and then put a pillow case over it to be safer?
Not really. It’s best to get a natural pillow.
Buckwheat pillows are also awesome and non-toxic!
We purchased a bed from West Elm and it has fabric over the wood. I thought this would be good for my 3 year old so she didn’t bump her head. They assured there were no flame retardants but once it was delivered it said it was lined with polyurethane foam. I have had the windows open in her room and don’t smell anymore. Do the VOC’s from this type of foam eventually dissipate? Do you think we should return the bed and get a solid wood frame? Any advice would be greatly appreciated. Thank you!
i would return it. Polyurethane foam continues to outgas for some time.
is polyurethane film coating on the seats of a car toxic. thank you
No. Polyurethane films on fabrics are fine.
Hello
in 2010 i had a polyurethan jacket which was smelling chemical sweet. i did wear it for half a year neverminding health issues which appeared. i had staying cardiovascular and reproductive, and organic problems. what could that be?
After 6 years and two whasings its not smelling anymore but i keep it maybe a doctor can tell me what it was
I don’t think it was the polyurethane itself, but rather something else that was added to the fabric. If you still have the brand tag, contact the manufacturer and see what you can find out.
Hi. I’m considering purchasing an underwear made to wear during menstruation, to replace pads. It is made of cotton and has a layer of pulyuethane and uses nano silver. This is what the company told me when I asked what kind of polyuethane it was, and if there was an study on the affect the silver has on people and the environment:
“We are using Thermoplastic polyurethane on our THINX and Icon products, which act as barrier layers so fluid does not leak from the underwear. The TPU used is water impermeable and water vapor permeable.
As for the nanotechnology and the environmental impact, technologies are Oeco-tex Certified. Oeco-tex is an independent body that ascertains the sustainability/ environmental impact of the manufacturing processes, raw material used along with the harmfulness of the products on the wearer. The sliver used is not colloidal in nature. It is more of a compound where the ionic silver is contained in Zeolite and the silver is non-migratory. Hence minimal impact on environment.”
Is it safe to use?
For me this falls into the category of why-woulod-you-want-to-when-there-are-safer-options?
Just use organic cotton flannel pads.
Changing pad covers of organic cotton backed with thermoplastic polyurethane made by loved baby co does tpu offgas materials from manufacturing since its derived from petro chemicals where can parents find wool only mattress and changing pad covers w out any toxic substances even Burt’s bees organic cotton baby clothes were bought by a large chemical company and one wonders if the cotton is really organic
My understanding is that polyurethane TPU used as a fabric coating is safe. I have no evidence that it isn’t and I really researched this recently. If anyone has any studies that show it’s toxic, please send them to me.
Yes it is made from petrochemicals, but not all petrochemical materials are toxic. That said, people with MCS generally react to petrochemical-derived materials whether the material is toxic or not.
It’s easy to find wool mattress covers and changing pad covers. Just search for each of these items separately on your favorite search engine.
I like menstrual cups made of silicone. I dont know if silicone is completely safe. But its way better than tampons.
What about sofa padding made from recycled plastic bottles. Is that totally toxic? An eco sofa i am considering uses that. i am not thrilled with moving tbose bottles from landill to my lungs. I think i am sensitive to platicizers -dont know if then recycled bottlea are bad or good choice since plastic is already made and cured? Theres going to be chemicals no matter what i do. I do not have any adverse reaction to water bottles as far as i know tho minimize use.
Recycled plastic bottles are still plastic.
I am living in Europe and they sell mattresses which are Okeo-Tex
certified but are made with polyurethane. Are these safe? They are on sale and I would like to purchase them as soon as possible but something is telling me that they could still not be safe. Any information would be so helpful. Thank you!
The problem with certifications is that they are very rigid about what they are certifying. That’s not a bad thing, because consumers need to rely on what the standard is, but the drawback is that the standards are based on the exclusion of a limited list of toxic chemicals. Often certifications—including Oeko-Tex will allow toxics to a certain acceptable level. And all you see is a seal, they don’t provide the details of their analysis.
That’s why, when I put together Debra Lynn Dadd Recommended Products, I took another approach. I am looking for inclusion of safe materials rather than the exclusion of toxics. I don’t have a rigid list of toxic chemicals, but I do use a guiding principle which is “do no harm.” And so I do look at each material and evaluate it for toxic exposure, but no toxic ingredients get past me, as they can when a certifier uses a limited list.
I couldn’t find any specific criteria for the Oeko-Tex standard for polyurethane foam.
This is all so unclear.
Hi,
What is Medical grade polyurathane? I just found out that this was used for waterproofing the mattress pad I was about to buy for my son. It is nestled between organic cotton layers? Thanks
I really tried to find out the answer to this question, but there is no answer.
First, there is no legal definition of “medical grade” for anything that I could find.
I just got off he phone from talking with a woman who works for a manufacturer who makes and sells “medical grade polyurethane.”
She told me that to make polyurethane you need three basic functions, for which various chemicals can be used. Some of those chemicals are toxic, but by the time they are reacted into polyurethane, there should be no residue of the original chemicals. Also various other chemicals are added for performance characteristics.
Polyurethanes are made to perform various funtions. For example, her medical grade polyurethane is made specifically for the manufacturer of catheters. Their polyurethane is tested to a USP specification for acute toxicity and other things relevant to a material being inside a human body. These are different standards that are needed for polyurethane in floor finish, for example.
But none of this is standard. There could be many polyurethanes for specific medical uses, and each would be different.
My best guess is that medical grade polyurethane on the mattress pad is a polyurethane film designed specifically for use in hospitals, but that’s a logical guess.
Again, we need more standardization of terms.
Would you call the place that’s selling this product and ask them what they think it means?
I called another company where they were selling some products that were being advertised as medical grade. When I asked what medical grade meant, the woman said, “I don’t know, we just buy medical grade materials and make it into products.”
We need to do better than this. Terms should not be on product labels or descriptions that have no definitions.
I like to play Words With Friends, which is like online Scrabble. Occasionally someone else will play a word and WWF tells me it’s a valid word, but they have no definition for it. This is the state of language today. Words with no definitions.
I believe medical grade foam is treated to resist bacteria and possibly other pathogens. Those with aervies or chem sensitivity need to be careful because such chemical biocides are a leading cause of contact dermitotis. I do not think med grade foams are needed or should be placed in most peopkes homes. Btw, does polyurethane eventually off gas or does it just keep getting worse because of degradation? Also do slipcovers help protect us?
Completly agree with you about the current state of English vocabulary. People are putting the cart before the horse with this “words with no definitions” nonsense. I also see people completely ignore definitions in favor of there own. Unfortunately we live in a society of me me me where people think the world revolves around them and they can just make up stuff as they wish if it suits them. If you ever watch the block of real court shows they have on every day (Judge Judy, Hot Bench, etc) you’ll see excellent examples of this human condition.
Also agree it’s unacceptable that manufacturers-or anyone a consumer relies on for information and resources- should be allowed to throw words around without standardized definitions. I don’t know what government body this falls under but someone’s not doing their job in ensuring people are able to make informed decisions for themselves regarding what they purchase. The more I learn about legal toxins the more outraged I am at our government and how it’s all about keeping costs down and making a buck. We deserve better than that, we have a right to be healthy all of us, every man woman and child. Modern government and even many people have lost sight of that.
I hope that blogs such as this that raise awareness will drive people to advocate for their health and the health of their families and pressure manufacturers and the government to do better. Thank you for all this information Debra.
You are very welcome.
Larry and I were discussing this just last night—the importance of having clear definitions of words and knowing what those definitions are. Without that we can’t communicate.
We were talking about books and I realized that when a person reads a book, the words on the page come alive in the imagination of the reader. The author writes “cat” and you see a picture of a cat in your imagination. Movies don’t involve imagination—they already have the images.
So if you don’t understand the definition of a word, then there is a confusion instead of a picture. And there is incomplete communication. In life and in the labeling of consumer products.
I’m going to continue to work on this issue with regards to consumer products.
Thank you Debra, I have learned much today by reading your blog, appreciate your time & effort to help educate. I learned too late not to trust anyone including government agencies after suffering acute mercury toxicity due to amalgams, which I was unkowingly grinding while sleeping. They are called silver amalgams but in fact contain 50 % mercury. So thanks for a platform to share; anyone diagnosed with Fibromyalgia as I was in error, don’t trust the conventional doctors to help find out why you’re ill. It’s not their fault. Rockefeller medicine does not teach about metal & other chemical toxicity situations, they don’t routinely test for toxins in our enironment making people sick. These days, you must watch your back with everything you eat, drink, drink from, put on your skin, wear & jewelery too, sleep on, medications you take and anything you’re exposed to everyday. It’s really sad, and can’t possibly avoid all so it’s necessary to chelate on a regular basis. However, knowledge is power to choose good over not so good!
I just bought a “Keen” winter snow boot that has a polyurethane insole cushion. Is that kind of cushion bpa free? Is that kind of cushion dangerous for my health? I have estrogen sensitive breast cancer and I do not want any chemicals that mimic the bad estrogen to absorb into my body. If I put another insole layer on top of this polyurethane insole and wear heavy socks will that protect me from absorbing any chemicals that micmick the bad estrogen from that insole? Any information that you can give me would be greatly appreciated. Thank you!
To the best of my knowledge, polyurethane foam does not release RPA or estrogen mimics.
Polyurethane foam is made from toxic petrochemicals, so it’s not a material I use or recommend. If you want to wear these boots, I would recommend covering he insole with a layer of foil tape. That would block any emissions that might be present.
I sure wish I knew which polyurethane is in this here Marc Andrew anorak I got here. 🙁
If it’s used for waterproofing it’s probably fine.
Thank you for this great site! I’m being advised to purchase egg crate/mattress toppers for my kids while they’re at camp this summer. Online they all say that they’re made of 100% Polyurethane but don’t mention other items that may be incorporated. Are there any brands you can recommend (that aren’t a lot of $)? I appreciate your help
There is no polyurethane foam I can recommend. The only foam I can recommended is polyethylene foam, if you can find that. It’s probably not egg crate, but will give some cushioning. It’s available online at http://www.usafoam.com/closedcellfoam/polyethylene.html.
Hi Debra,
Could you please look at the Tuft&Needle mattress,and give me your feedback on the potential toxicity,if any? Thanks for your time!
Steve
It’s polyurethane foam. There are many types. It doesn’t specify which.
In your opinion should I stay away from this mattress?
Thanks!
I don’t recommend mattresses made with polyurethane foam.
it is sad to say that in my country poly pack makers now makes a pack called Lamination pack and some thing called MBA pack for food containing.
The information I gathered, since I’m also doing a small time processed Spice business, is that they(tycoons) uses up to 75% of recycled plastics in making these clear plastics packs which i was told that the spice reacts with the spice packed.
I’m using a package made out 100% LLDPE virgin material and yet people just buy the product packed in lamination packs.
any comment on the lamination or MBA pack. (MBA film is imported from Malaysia for something else)
I couldn’t find either of these online. If you can give me more information on where to find them, I can check them out for you.
My nephew sealed his concrete floors with a polyurethane based sealant, little ventilation. One week later his heart went out of rhythm and from there he can barely walk, talk, hallucinates, can’t eat. Docs have no answers. Some have suggested MS. All this happened after the exposure. Could he be poisoned? If so, can this be reversed?
Call Dr. Howard Lang at 817-577-0480. He is knowledgeable in this area and either can advise you or direct you to someone who can help. I can’t encourage you enough to give this outstanding physician a call.
Yes, but the problem isn’t polyurethane, it’s the solvants that are outgassing from the finish. When they completely outgas, what is left is the polyurethane.Your nephew seriously needs to see a doctor who understands this is a toxic exposure.
Hi Debra and Kim. Could you update us regarding what happened to your nephew, Kim? That is a terrifying story. About a week ago, my husband and I applied an oil-based polyurethane to the plywood sheets in our garage. The next day, my sinuses, ears, eyes, throat and lungs burned unbearably when I was anywhere near the garage – even from 20 metres from the garage. We kept the garage well ventilated – had the big doors open all day long with fans going day and night, and kept windows open at night, but to no avail it seems. My husband was not experiencing this so he had a hard time understanding what was happening to begin with. But he slowly also became affected in the same way, but not as severely as I’ve been affected. We removed all the plywood sheets, but the burning persists, to a much lesser extent, but it is enough to be really uncomfortable. I am wearing a respirator when I am in the garage and my husband is now wheezing. My question is, can polyurethane or its off-gassing components be absorbed into other surfaces in the room, such as unsealed/unpainted drywall, window/door frames, etc.? Any ideas about what’s still causing the remaining burning and any comments on a way forward?? Many thanks
I just want to be clear that the toxic effects you are experiencing are from the other ingredients added to the polyurethane to make a wood finish, not the polyurethane itself. Oil-based wood finish contains some VERY toxic chemicals and should not be used.
I bought pillow covers for my twin boys for allergens, dust mites, bed bugs etc. they are also waterproof which is the reason I bought them they are 100% polyester and 100% polyurethane laminate do I have to worry about my children breathing in toxic chemicals. I have a new baby on the way and was thinking of using one of these pillow covers to protect the bassinet mattress since I can’t seem to find one that fits. Bad idea?
Both polyester and polyurethane laminate are OK. Not toxic as far as I know. I’ve researched this a lot.
I wouldnt go for polyester. Its proven to lower sperm count in men wearing polyester underwear. That can’t be a good sign.
Why not buy only natural materials for your baby?
They are often naturally fire retardant (like wool) and therefore aren’t treated with harmful chemicals.
Sheep wool is also naturally water repellant.
Silk is also great and like wool is thermo regulating but is also hypoallergenic.
Naturepedic makes fabulous, high-quality, toxic-free bedding, etc. for babies and adults – they are terrific to work with.
I believe the covers are made of polyethylene, but I couldn’t find it on their website.
Very bad idea.
Debra,
I just bought a pair of walking shoes and the soles are made of polyurethane.
Is there a toxic problem with wearing these shoes or even just having them in my closet? Thank you for your advice.
Dayle
Here’s an article that explains two types of polyurethane that are used to make shoe soles: polyester and polyether.
http://www.chemtrend.com/process/polyurethane_shoe_soling/shoe_soling_polyurethane
Here’s another article about thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) for shoes, made with some renewable resources.
http://www.polyurethanes.basf.com/pu/KUInternet/KU/en_GB/content/Industries/Footwear
I can’t answer this question definitively because different types of polyrethane is used for shoe soles and I don’t know which one this is.
As far as I can tell, straight polyurethane is not toxic once made, but it often contained toxic additives. I don’t know what might be added to shoe soles.
See if you can get more information from the manufacturer about what type of polyurethane it is, and I’ll see what I can find.
Hi, I bought reusable diapers for my son. The label says the diapers are spray with polyurethane and made from China. Are these diapers safe or should I discard them? Thank you
Polyurethane film adhered to fabric is not toxic to the best of my knowledge. That said, there are reusable diapers made from 100% natural fibers, so if you are concerned, use the natural ones.
Why would you take a chance? Research show chemicals impact reproduction later on. Made in China where there are no regulations? Not a chance.
Hi Debra,
It is so hard to buy safe products these days for my kids! Thank you for your helpful website! Santa wants to bring my son a play tent but the description says “the tent and poles have a P.U. coating and are flame retardant. ” – Is this a dangerous type of polyurethane? If so, do you have any suggestions? Thank you so much for your advice!
The flame retardant is more toxic than the polyurethane in this case. I wouldn’t allow my child to play in a flame retardant tent.
Hello Debra
I was wondering if waterproof polyurethane toxic?
I think you are referring to polyurethane applied to fabrics to make them waterproof. That it not toxic.
What about bath pillows made of polyurethane foam? Are these safe? Thanks!
I don’t recommend anything made from polyurethane foam.
I’m not sure if you have heard of them but Hybrid Coating Technologies has patented PU that can be used in foam, coatings and adhesives that are safe, non toxic and free of isocyanates and VOCs. They won the Presidential award from the EPA and are soon to make waves across all PU industries.
Ineresting. Thank you. I hadn’t heard of them. Hybrid Coating Technologies
So polyurethane foam earplugs would also be very toxic? Why would they do that?!
Well, yes, depending on the additives used in the foam for this purpose. Why would they do that? I think many manufacturers just aren’t aware of he toxicity of the materials they are using.
That’s an unwarranted assumption. They lobby to be sure laws aren’t passed to protect the public from toxic household goods like the FDA does wuth food. May I encourage you to take an objective approach instead of imputing good motives to profit-oriented companies? History demonstrates companies often know, go to great lengths to hide it, and opt to make profits at the expense of consumers. If they are ignorant, that demonstrates an appaling lack of testing and responsibility. Either way, companies are responsible for their actions just like individuals.
I agree companies are responsible for their actions, but I also know that there is a tremendous amount of information to learn and a company or individual needs to have the realization that things are toxic before they can do anything to change the situation.
One of the things that is most difficult for me is to even be able to find out what the materials are in so many products. That’s why I focus on recommending products where I CAN find out what they are made of.
If *I* can’t find out what a material is made from, it seems likely to me that manufacturers don’t know what’s in their materials either. This is a big problem in the world.
Does anybody know what SHR PU is? I’m purchasing a product and the wheels are made of this material. I am aware the PU is polyurethane, though what would SHR?
Thank you!
I’m taking a guess here. I couldn’t find a type of polyurethane called SHR PU, but it seems to be used to make a lot of wheels. I just happened to find one that spelled out SHock Resistant PolyUrethane. I think that’s it.
Hi Debra,
Just bought a pair of wellies for my son and on the information label it reads:
Composition: 100% thermoplastic outer, polyurethane foam insole, polyester sockliner.
Can the polyurethane foam insoles be hazardous for my son when wearing them ?
Thanks
Sam
[Readers, if you are unfamiliar with Wellies, they are rubber boots. Short for Wellingtons. It’s a type of boot worn and popularised by Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, in the early 1800s]
Polyurethane foam is polyurethane plus a lot of additives of varying toxicity. One of the things that makes polyurethane foam so toxic in furniture and mattresses is the fire retardants that, in the past, have been required by law. These fire retardants would not be present in Wellies.
There are many more things in the world a lot more dangerous than this.
One thing you could do if you are concerned is cover the insole with aluminum tape. It will block anything.
So glad I found your blog! Would you mind giving me your opinion on this piece of luggage? It’s been extremely difficult to find any good options. I would actually prefer more of a Samsonite looking piece – do you have any suggestions? http://www.rei.com/product/853831/patagonia-black-hole-wheeled-duffel-100l
This is what Patagonia wrote to me when I asked if the bag came with a California Proposition 65 warning. “The Black Hole fabric is 15-oz 900-denier 100% polyester ripstop (50% solution-dyed) with a TPU film laminate and a DWR (durable water repellent) finish. It is completely free of both PVC and chromium.”
TPU film laminate is OK as far as I can determine. DWR is a fluorochemical, akin to Teflon and Scothguard. It’s common on outdoor gear, but not necessarily safe.
Patagonia has an information page about fluorochemicals used in water repellant finishes at https://www.patagonia.com/pdf/en_US/pfoa_and_flourochemicals.pdf.
They say “we are not aware of information linking skin contact
from the routine use of apparel to an uptake of fluorochemicals
into the human body and any potential for harm. But because
we are concerned about the persistence of these chemicals in the
environment, we have been working to find alternatives to two
fluorinated compounds: perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and
perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA).”
They seem to be using both PFOS and PFOA and admit there are potential health concerns.
hi Debra~
I recently bought a pair of jeans at Nordstrom and couldn’t figure out why they made me so hot? All the time? Regular jeans don’t do that….
Then I looked at the fabric content: Rayon, cotton and polyurethane? Is it the polyurethane that makes me hot? So weird…
Cheers~
Karen
Polyurethane in jeans!?!?! I can understand polyurethane on and in fabrics that need to be waterproof, but there’s just no need.
It’s not toxic, but very well could make you hot.
It is toxic. Why do you think it isn’t? Latex that is not natural rubber — unless it says natural it isn’t — is polyeurethane. Read labels and get informed. You can absorb toxins through your skin, the largest organ in your body.
Do your research. Latex that is not natural rubber is not polyurethane. Latex is latex. Polyurethane foam is polyurethane foam. And that IS toxic, I agree. But polyurethane foam is much more than pure polyurethane used to make PU films and other products.
Hello Debra, thanks for the useful info on TPU! I am curious whether you have any input on the Thermoplastic polyurethane used in Invisalign (the plastic inserts you wear over your teeth instead of braces). I’m thinking of getting my daughter Invisalign sometime in the next few years, and I’m wondering if it might be toxic for her to have these TPU pieces in her mouth all day for a year or two (except when she takes them out to eat or brush teeth).
Thanks,
Amanda, mom in Fair Oaks, CA
Here’s what it says on the Invisalign website:
Do Invisalign aligners contain Bisphenol-A (BPA)?
No. Invisalign aligners and Vivera Retainers do not contain Bisphenol-A or phthalate plasticizers. These aligners and retainers are made with USP Class VI medical grade, high molecular weight, polyurethane resins. Tests have been conducted to determine the biocompatibility of these materials, and show that they are biocompatible and pass all applicable regulatory requirements and thresholds for human wear in the mouth. Of course, as with any medical device, you should consult with your health professional about your aligner or retainer treatment and any applicable risks of use.
Online Surgery website says:
Rarely, some users may develop an allergic sensitivity to Invisalign. Symptoms of minor allergic reactions include nausa, sore throat and cough. The FDA has received reports of serious reactions in which swelling and pain have extended from the throat to the upper chest and bronchial passages, necessitating emergency medical treatment and the cessation of Invisalign treatment.
Here is a poll where two-thirds of the respondents said they had a reaction to Invisalign: http://www.archwired.com/phpbb2/viewtopic.php?t=41362
This is one of those times when you need to evaluate the risk of the aligner with the health benefits of straight teeth..
Insulation is a topic in need of more innovation. I do not use any of those, and am slowing finding alternatives to every single plastic/synthetic object I own. I think I will try the new denim insulation, but I think it has boric acid in it. And I want to try wool insultation. I now line my walls will wool blankets in the winter. It is the cheapest solution I could think of and it works great – and totally non-toxic.
Does anyone have the name of the place to buy the air mattress mentioned? I am going to pick one up for a trip and all I find is PVC types.
found that Aerobed has a eco-lite series which is PVC and pthalate free. It uses TPU, which seems to be much better.
TPU is much better than PVC and is being used to replace PVC in a lot of different types of products.
What do you think of this sofa?
http://www.biglots.com/p/c/sofas-loveseats-and-sectionals/simmons-harbortown-sofa
I will be moving and am looking into affordable furniture but I also do not want to expose my child to toxic . Please let me know thank you!
All sofas have toxic fire retardants unless otherwise stated. This one says it is made from 100% polyurethane. Polyurethane foam is extremely flammable and needs fire retardants to pass the flammability test. I wouldn’t buy this sofa. See Debra’s List Furniture page< /a> for safe sofas. Granted they are not affordable, but they are not toxic.
If you need something affordable, try White Lotus Home. Not your typical sofa, but toxic free.
Concerning the couch the person posted the link for, I found one salmost same but 80% polyurathane and 20% polyester, but the tag has an x on it that says meets cal 117 but x on no chemicals added. So I assume no fire retardants, so, what about the covering?
That means no chemical fire retardants are used. The polyester cover allows it to pass the flammability test. So no flre retardants, but does it have a stain-resistant finish? If so, it’s emitting formaldehyde.
I am looking into mattress covers & am wondering if you think one with a polyurethane waterproof barrier is safe? I have a child so I need to find the safest thing that will also be useful for nighttime potty training. Thanks!
Yes they are fine.
Hello. I am recovering from toxic poisoning from a polyurethane mattress protector. I suffered many health issues including hearing loss and almost had ear surgery until I found it was the mattress pad that was causing all these health issues. I am currently looking into the materials used in my mattress as well. I plan on filing suit against the manufacturer. Millions of Americans have this same pad and need to be told about its danger.
hi – thank you for this great article. I was wondering if you could comment on Thermoplastic polyurethane. it is the plastic on a fillable energy flask that I purchased (which I had thought was silicone but emailed the company just in case). Supposedly it is “food safe” according to the company but it sounds scary, especially since I will also be washing it in the dishwasher at high heats. Any advice you have is greatly appreciated!
There are basically two types of plastic.
Thermoplastics become soft when heated and harden when cooled, not matter how often the process is repeated. Think of this plastic as being like butter—it melts when heared but becomes solid again when cooled. Most thermoplastics are easy to recognize because they are soft, bendable, and have a certain amount of flexibility because of their loose chemical structure. These are the plastics that “outgas,” releasing chemical vapors into the air.
Thermosets begin as soft plastics, but their shape is set by heat and cannot be altered once it is made. A thermoset acts in a way similar to a cake mix—it starts out as a liquid, but once you bake it and it becomes solid, it stay solid, regardless of temperature. When you heat a thermoset plastic to very high temperatures, it still doesn’t melt; like a cake, it just disintegrates.
So by definition your thermoplastic polyurethane would be a soft plastic that would leach plastic into the water.
Debra,
I was wondering what you thought about TPU seats in cars as a replacement for leather. I was considering buying a new Prius which has these seats, but was concerned about offgassing of vocs
in a hot car.
TPU is Thermolastic PolyUrethane. This is different from polyurethane foam, which is polyurethane plus other toxic additives
Polyurethane itself is made from two fairly toxic chemicals, but they react so completely that I have been unable to find any information on harmful health effects for this chemical, and and the same time am seeing many recommendations for using TPU in place of more toxic PVC.
One reference from the Toxics Use Reduction Institute says:
Note that silicone is also considered to be “inert” and am acceptable material for medical tubing.
So I would say that TPU is unlikely to outgass and it a pretty good material for car interiors. Given that leather has many toxic chemicals itself, this might be preferable.
Lots of good information. Thanx, all!
I just bought a polyurethane foam mattress; asked about toxicity, was told it was made in Califionia, not Asia, and was promised that it’s non-toxic. Can I trust that?
I just came off a Tempurpedic–miserabally over-firm over-priced piece of…. While it was damaging the joints in my shoulders and hips, was it poisoning me, too?
We seem to have three choices in the foam plastics used to insulate homes; polystyrene, polyurethane, and polyisocyanurate. Anybody know which is least toxic, or should they all be avoided?
I undestand, BTW, that extruded polystyrene (XPS) insulation board has a 100-year energy payback, which means that if the house it’s used on lasts less than a century, the insulation might as well not have been there; EPS (expanded polystyren) has a ten-year energy payback (but it’s still styrene, and toxic, yes?), while polyisocyanurate and polyurethane take about 7 years to repay their manufacturing energy. Polyiso is somewhat fragile for some applications, but it and polyu. have higher R-values (~6.2 “after outgassing,” a term that scares me a little) per inch as oposed to R-4.
If these are toxic, I’d rather not specify them. If I have clients who insist, (I’m an energy-efficient home desigher, and SIPs are growing in popularity) I’d rather specify the least nasty. Polyu and polysty are both apparently recyclable, at the right facilities, so they don’t have to float around the ocean’s garbage gyres choking sea life to death for eternity. Are there any f them you all would live in?
Thanx!
JohnO
COMMENT FROM DEBRA:
I would not use any of them. There is more to the foam than the basic material after which it is named. There are all kinds of blowers, catalysts and additives that need to be considered as well.
Yes, the tempurpedic mattress was poisoning you.
I don’t know of a polyurethane foam mattress that is “nontoxic.”
i was shocked to find polyurethane in my favorite pair of jeans (AG jeans from anthropologie). i am hoping they are not toxic. I have gone to great legnths and prices to buy natural bedding etc…what do you say?
COMMENT FROM DEBRA:
I haven’t been able to find any evidence that polyurethane itself is toxic, however, often there are additives, such as to make polyurethane foam, which make it sound like polyurethane is toxic. Polyurethane is being used more and more with textiles. It’s not toxic, but it’s not natural.
I too have been looking for an inflatable mattress made with PEVA or EVA but can’t find any. Does anyone know if they make them and where to buy them?
Anonymous. What is the name brand of the one you bought made of “Thermoplastic Polyurethane with TPU Laminated Fabric and where did you buy it? Thank you all for all the wonderful information.
Sincerely,
Colleen
Great review of the chemistry.
Unfortunately, people who are sensitive to urethane usually react to it in all of its forms. About twenty years ago, a dozen or so physicians across the country performed double blind tests to determine whether some of us were sensitve to urethane. Today, that type of testing is typically reserved to determine the impact of workplace exposures of urethane where sensitvity is suspected.
So… caveat emptor!
COMMENT FROM DEBRA:
I would agree. But I just want to point out that an individual sensitivity is individual, whereas a toxic effect can happen to anyone. Polyurethane is more or less toxic depending on what is added to it; someone sensitive to polyurethane itself would be sensitive to it regardless of whatever else is added.
COMMENT FROM DEBRA:
“Urethane” can be: 1. short for polyurethane2. another name for ethyl carbamate
Polyurethane is a completely different chemical than ethyl carbamate, being made up of isocyanates and polyols.
Urethane (ethyl carbamate) IS extremely toxic, but the polyurethane used to make foam is not ethyl carbamate.
Debra, great post, as usual! 🙂
I’m looking to buy an inflatable air mattress and, whenever possible, I always steer clear of PVC. As the great majority of inflatable mattresses are made of PVC, i Found one that is free of PVC but is made of “Thermoplastic Polyurethane with TPU Laminated Fabric on Top, Sides, and Bottom. Now, I don’t know what to do, will I better off with this PVC-free TPU mattress?
Thanks! 🙂
PS: If anyone know of a safe, inflatable air mattress, please let me know.
COMMENT FROM DEBRA:
Yes, these materials are less toxic than PVC. I was just looking them up last week.
TPU is what a lot of device cases are made of. So people are touching these a lot. Any more information about the toxicity of TPU?
TPU is the acronym for “thermoplastic polyurethane.” Thermoplastic simply means that the plastic becomes soft when heated and hardens when cooled, no matter how often the process is repeated. Kind of like butter: you can soften or melt it entirely it with heat (depending on the temperature) or cool it down into a solid form.
TPU is being used for many products now as a replacement for toxic PVC. Particularly for medical devices used in the body,
One of the benefits of TPU over PVC is that it requires no plasticizer to be made flexible, so there is no leaching of phthalates.
Here is the MSDS for PU. There are no hazardous ingredients listed. The only hazards given are from toxic chemicals released if the material is burned (as in a house fire), but none for normal use.
I don’t see any toxic dangers associated with TPU.
Hi, I just purchased my young daughter (nearly 6) a weekender bag from a store for her birthday (I live in England) and I didn’t notice until I’m wrapping it up that it has the p65 warnings.CA label on the bag. I did a little investigating on their website but it doesn’t list the chemical. I’ve looked on the label and it says 100% Polyurethane. A little help with just how toxic this is would be greatly appre iated – my gut is saying “don’t give her the bag”.
You can call the company and ask what material or chemical requires the warning label. They are not required to tell you but they might. It is probably not from the polyurethane. Pure polyurethane is usually one of the safer plastics but it can have additives that are more harmful. You can read more here about that. If you can’t find out what the warning label is for I would go with your gut and not give it to your daughter. Given that she is so young and could be exposed to any part of the bag, it is not worth the risk.